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Must watch video! More entertaining in learning english. Enjoy..!
Video 1: EnglishLearning YearFourVideo 2: Introduction to Nouns [source]Video 3: Verb Song [source]Video 4: The Adjective Song [source]
Video 5: Simple Present Tense [source]
Video 6: Conjunctions Song [source]Video 7: Antonyms and Synonyms [source] -
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Nouns from GabbieAllTheWay7 -
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The most common question words in English are the following:
WHO is only used when referring to people. (= I want to know the person)
- Who is the best football player in the world?
- Who are your best friends?
- Who is that strange guy over there?
WHERE is used when referring to a place or location. (= I want to know the place)
- Where is the library?
- Where do you live?
- Where are my shoes?
WHEN is used to refer to a time or an occasion. (= I want to know the time)
- When do the shops open?
- When is his birthday?
- When are we going to finish?
WHY is used to obtain an explanation or a reason. (= I want to know the reason)
Normally the response begins with "Because..."
- Why do we need a nanny?
- Why are they always late?
- Why does he complain all the time?
WHAT is used to refer to specific information. (= I want to know the thing)
- What is your name?
- What is her favourite colour?
- What is the time?
WHICH is used when a choice needs to be made. (= I want to know the thing between alternatives)
- Which drink did you order – the rum or the beer?
- Which day do you prefer for a meeting – today or tomorrow?
- Which is better - this one or that one?
HOW is used to describe the manner that something is done. (= I want to know the way)
- How do you cook paella?
- How does he know the answer?
- How can I learn English quickly?
With HOW there are a number of other expressions that are used in questions:
How much – refers to a quantity or a price (uncountable nouns)
- How much time do you have to finish the test?
- How much is the jacket on display in the window?
- How much money will I need?
How many – refers to a quantity (countable nouns)
- How many days are there in April?
- How many people live in this city?
- How many brothers and sister do you have?
How often – refers to frequency
- How often do you visit your grandmother?
- How often does she study?
- How often are you sick?
How far – refers to distance
- How far is the university from your house?
- How far is the bus stop from here?
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SYNONYM
A word or phrase that means that same, or nearly the same as another word or phrase.
- big - large
- heavy - weighty
- thin - slim
- tall - short
- thick - thin
- difficult – easy
A word or phrase that means the opposite or nearly the opposite from another word or phrase.
Example of Synonym and Antonym:
Word Synonym Antonym Example Sentences BigLargeSmallHe has a big house in California.She has a small apartment.DifficultHardEasyThe test was very difficult.I think riding a bike is easy.NewRecentUsedI bought a recent book.She drives a used car.CleanTidyDirtyHe keeps his house tidy.The car is dirty.FriendlyOutgoingUnfriendlyTom is outgoing with everyone.Tina is unfriendly person.GoodGreatBadThat’s great idea!He’s a bad tennis player.CheapInexpensiveExpensiveHomes are inexpensive at the moment.That car is very expensive. -
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannot divide into separate elements. We cannot "count" them. For example, we cannot count "milk". We can count "bottles of milk" or "litres of milk", but we cannot count "milk" itself. Here are some more uncountable nouns:
- Music, art, love, happiness
- Advice, information, news
- Furniture, luggage
- Rice, sugar, butter, water
- Electricity, gas, power
- Money, currency
- This news is very important.
- Your luggage looks heavy.
- A piece of news
- A bottle of water
- A grain of rice
- I’ve got some money.
- Have you got any rice?
- I’ve got a little money.
- I haven’t got much rice.
COUNTABLE NOUNS
Countable nouns are easy to recognize. They are things that we can count. For example: “pen”. We can count pens. We can have one, two, three or more pens. Here are some more countable nouns:
- Dog, cat, animal, man, person
- Bottle, box, litre
- Coin, note, dollar
- Cup, plate, fork
- My dog is playing.
- My dogs are hungry.
- A dog is an animal.
- I want an orange. ( not I want orange )
- Where is my bottle? ( not Where is bottle?)
- I like oranges.
- Bottles can break.
- I’ve got some dollars.
- Have you got any pens?
I’ve got a few dollars.
I haven’t got many pens.
Here are some more examples of uncountable and countable nouns:
Countable Uncountable DollarMoneySongMusicSuitcaseLuggageTableFurnitureBatteryElectricityReportInformationTipadvice -
A noun is the name of a person, place or thing. A singular noun refers to 1 only; a plural noun refers to 2 or more.
There are two things to note about singular and plural nouns. The first is that they change their form depending on whether they are singular or plural:
- 1 car
- 2 cars
In most cases this means adding an –s to a singular noun to make it plural.
The second point to note is to do with the verb which goes with the noun. The subject of a sentence ( which is usually a noun ) must agree with the verb which follows it. This means that if the subject is singular then the verb must be singular and if the subject is plural then the verb must be plural:
- The car is in the garage.
- The cars are in the garage.
Form
Most nouns in English are regular. To make them plural we simply add –s to the end:
singularplural1 book2 books1 car4 cars1 house8 housesSingular Plural 1 tooth2 teeth1 goose4 geese1 foot2 feet1 child6 children1 ox2 oxen1 oasis3 oases1 axis2 axes1 man2 men1 woman2 women1 mouse2 mice1 medium2 mediaSingular Plural 1 sheep2 sheep1 salmon4 salmon1 aircraft8 aircraftSingularPlural1 penny2 pence/pennies1 person4 persons/people1 fish8 fish/fishes
Irregular Nouns
Some nouns have two very different words for the singular and the plural:
Alternatively, some nouns are the same whether they are singular or plural:
Finally, some nouns have alternative plurals.
These can have different meanings in different contexts. For example, we can say:
- I went out fishing last weekend and in four hours caught just 2 tiny fish.
However, if we want to refer to different types of fish we might say:
- These fishes live together even though some of the bigger fishes could easily eat the smaller ones.
Miscellaneous
Some nouns have a plural but no singular, for example:
- Clothes, contents, earnings, goods, riches, savings, thanks, troops
These nouns take a plural verb:
- The contents are labelled on the jar.
- His saving were wiped out in the crash.
Some nouns look plural but are, in fact, singular, for example:
- Athletics, gymnastics, mathematics, measles, news, politics
The verb is singular here:
- His measles is spreading.
- Politics is boring!
Some words can be either plural or singular, for example:
- Headquarters. Means, work ( =factory/workshop, etc.)
The verb can be either singular or plural; there is no real difference:
- Their headquarters are situated in central London.
- Their headquarters is situated in central London.
Meanwhile a collective noun is a group of nouns describing the same thing, for example:
- Army, Arsenal, audience, class, club, committee, company, crowd, gang, group
We use singular verb if we think of the group as a whole:
- Arsenal is playing well today.
Or plural if we are thinking of the individuals:
- Arsenal are a mixed bunch of players.
Some groups, however, are always plural:
- The police are coming!
- The cattle are lowing.
When we have a noun phrase of measurement, we use a singular verb:
- Twenty kilos is the maximum weight for suitcases.
- Six feet six inches is tall for a man.
But when we talk about a pair of things, we always use the plural, for example:
- a pair of: glasses, jeans, scissors, trousers
- My glasses are broken.
- Your jeans are ripped.
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SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Repeated Action
Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.
Example : I play tennis
Facts or Generalization
The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things.
Example : California is in America.
Scheduled Events in the Near Future
Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well.Example : The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM
Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)
Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. This can only be done with Non-Continuous Verbs and certain Mixed Verbs.
Example : He does not need help nowSIMPLE PAST TENSE
Past Tense is used to talk about something that started and finished at a definite time in the past.
For example: The past tense of the verb want is wanted.
To change a regular verb into its past tense form, we normally add –ED to the end of the verb.
- play – played
- cook – cooked
- rain – rained
- wait – waited
There are some words that are not adding the –ED at the end of the verb.
- Eat – ate
- Drive – drove
- Sing – sang
- Drink – drank
FUTURE TENSE
Indicates that an action is in the future relative to the speaker or writer. There are no inflected forms for the future in English (nothing like those -ed or -s endings in the other tenses). Instead, the future tense employs the helping verbs will or shall with the base form of the verb:
- She will leave soon.
- We shall overcome
The future is also formed with the use of a form of "go" plus the infinitive of the verb:
- He is going to faint.
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Conjunctions are words used to link phrases and clauses. They are necessary to create compound sentences, or to join multiple ideas together.In English, conjunctions are classified as either coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions or correlative conjunctions. Using the right conjunction is essential to making your meaning clear and to making yourself understood.
Types of Conjunction :
There are six coordinating conjunctions in English :
- For
- And
- Nor
- But
- Or
- Yet
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Adjectives are words that describe or modify another person or thing in the sentence. The Articles — a, an, and the — are adjectives.
Before getting into other usage considerations, one general note about the use — or over-use — of adjectives: Adjectives are frail; don't ask them to do more work than they should. Let your broad-shouldered verbs and nouns do the hard work of description. Be particularly cautious in your use of adjectives that don't have much to say in the first place: interesting, beautiful, lovely, exciting.
It is your job as a writer to create beauty and excitement and interest, and when you simply insist on its presence without showing it to your reader — well, you're convincing no one.
Position of Adjectives :
- Adjectives nearly always appear immediately before the noun or noun phrase that they modify. Sometimes they appear in a string of adjectives, and when they do, they appear in a set order according to category
- And there are certain adjectives that, in combination with certain words, are always "postpositive" (coming after the thing they modify)
Positive
Comparative
Superlative
rich
richer
richest
lovely
lovelier
loveliest
lovely
lovelier
loveliest
- Certain adjectives have irregular forms in the comparative and superlative degrees:
Irregular Comparative and Superlative Forms
good
better
best
bad
worse
worst
little
less
least
much
many
somemore
most
far
further
furthest
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Verbs are doing words. A verb can express:
- · A physical action (e.g., to swim, to write, to climb).
- · A mental action (e.g., to think, to guess, to consider).
- · A state of being (e.g., to be, to exist, to appear).
Subject Verb to be in the past tense Verb to be in the present tense Verb to be in the future tense I was am will be You were are will be He / She / It was is will be We were are will be You were are will be They were are will be
Verbs carry the idea of being or action in the sentence. Verbs are classified in many ways. Some verbs require an object to complete their meaning. A verb can be both transitive and intransitive. Verbs are also can be classified as either finite or non-finite. A finite verb makes an assertion or expresses a state of being and can stand by itself as the main verb of a sentence while non-finite verbs (think "unfinished")cannot, by themselves.
There are only four basic forms. Instead of forming complex tense forms with endings, English uses auxiliary verb forms. English does not even have a proper ending for future forms; instead, we use auxiliaries such as "I am going to read this afternoon." or "I will read." or even "I am reading this book tomorrow." It would be useful, however, to learn these four basic forms of verb construction. -
Possessive nouns is when we want to show that something belongs to somebody or something, we usually add 's to a singular noun and an apostrophe ' to a plural noun. Possessive forms are frequently modifiers for verb forms used as nouns, or gerunds. Using the possessive will affect how we read the sentence. Possessive nouns typically include an apostrophe. For example:
- · Jennifer’s imagination ran wild as she pictured the accident.
- · The kitten’s toy is a stuffed catnip mouse.
Think of the apostrophe mark as a hook or hand reaching out to take ownership of the object. Without the little hook or hand grabbing onto the ‘s’ or the next word, the noun is simply plural.
Some possessive nouns are actually personal pronouns. A pronoun is a word that can stand in for the noun in a sentence. Pronouns are often used to keep sentences from sounding rambling or redundant. Personal pronouns reflect ownership when used appropriately in a sentence, and do not get the apostrophe + s added to them.
Personal pronouns as possessives look like this:
- · We decorated our house for the holidays with colourful lights.
- · My car is red.
To form the singular possessive, simply add the apostrophe following the final 's' - for example, class' and grass'. Some teachers have their students add the apostrophe plus an additional 's' to help students see the possessive form. So, class's and grass's are, in fact, acceptable spellings of the words.
To form the plural possessives of these same nouns, explain that first the nouns must be made plural – classes, grasses.
Once the nouns have been made plural, simply add an apostrophe to the end of the word. The plural possessive forms of class and grass are classes' and grasses'.
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NOUNS
A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea. Whatever exists, we assume, can be named, and that name is a noun.
A proper noun, which names a specific person, place, or thing. Basically its used as an addressed person's name is called a noun of address. Common nouns name everything else, things that usually are not capitalize, for example :
· Carlos, Queen Marguerite· Middle East, Jerusalem· Malaysia· Presbyterianism , etc
· four books, two continents, a few dishes, a dozen buildingswhile non-count nouns which name something that can't be counted
· water, air, energy, blood and collective nouns, which can take a singular form but are composed of more than one individual person or items
· jury, team, class, committee, herd
Nouns can be in the subjective, possessive, and objective case. Nouns in the subject and object role are identical in form; nouns that show the possessive, however, take a different form. Usually an apostrophe is added followed by the letter s (except for plurals, which take the plural "-s" ending first, and then add the apostrophe).
Let’s do some exercise! [Click Here] -
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INTRODUCTIONThis learning and teaching blog is devoted to Year 4 students to share the words and subjects of English. This blog contains notes, exercises, exam questions. Reference is also provided in this blog for visitors for reference.
This blog was created to empower and enhance the ability of students in English through the use of their language. This blog will focus on the grammar that is composed of nouns, possessive nouns, verbs, adjective, conjunction words, present/past/future tense, singular & plural, uncountable & countable, synonym & antonym and questions word (5w’s).
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